PART I. 빈칸 완성

1. A study at one prison showed that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person. Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes, become more interested in life when they are given pets to care for. Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy to hold. Animals, then, can be __________________ for all kinds of individuals.
(a) the object of empathy
(b) lifetime company
(c) substitutes for friends
(d) a means of therapy

 

 

2. Eating a small, 1.6-ounce bar of dark chocolate every day is good for the heart. Dark chocolate bars with a high-cocoa content are loaded with something called epicatechin. Epicatechin is a particularly active member of a group of compounds called plant flavonoids. Flavonoids keep cholesterol from gathering in blood vessels, reduce the risk of blood clots, and slow down the immune responses that lead to clogged arteries. Dark chocolate _______________ .
(a) is good for the heart but can also cause a cholesterol increase
(b) contains more flavonoids than any other known food
(c) can cause weight gain, in spite of its healthy benefits
(d) should be part of a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet

 

 

3. Early humans viewed nature as inherently changeable and unpredictable, ruled by fate. In the search of order and security, humans turned first to religion, then to science. Science, it was believed, could unravel the mysteries of nature by learning to predict causes and effects, thus opening our eyes to the future. But we now know that this mechanistic view of the world is fundamentally off track. We are learning that we must __________________ ; we must discover how little as well as how much we can anticipate.
(a) predict limits to our predictions
(b) rely more completely on science
(c) understand the present by studying the past
(d) study simple cause and effect relations

 

4. Dear Editor :
The recent increase in typhoons and hurricanes is yet another sign of global warming. With the melting of the polar ice caps, many of our coastal cities could one day be under water. Another expected result will be lower snow levels in our mountains, along with faster snow melt in the spring. The faster melting will undoubtedly cause flooding in low-lying areas, and therefore create a need to keep the level of our reservoirs __________________ . We've heard enough political talk on the issue. It's time that our politicians actually DO something about the problem of global warming.
(a) higher than they would normally be in spring
(b) filled to capacity with safe drinking water
(c) low enough to accommodate the extra water
(d) at the same level throughout the flood season

5. With religion and pop culture intersecting more and more these days, the Bible's gotten a hip makeover : Introducing Revolve ; a teen magazine with beauty tips, dating advice and the New Testament. Revolve is just the latest cross-pollination of religion and pop culture that has seen Christian-themed fiction climb the bestseller lists. Evangelical Christians are hoping that __________________ .
(a) the latest religious trends will inspire young girls
(b) the advertisements will bring in profits for the church
(c) the New Testament will give the right message
(d) the magazine-like Bible will appeal to youths

6. For 15 years, Regina Jennings mopped floors and dusted classrooms at West Virginia University, earning $10,000 per year as a custodian. So it came as a complete surprise to school officials when she recently donated $93,000 to the law school. John Fisher, dean of the College of Law, said, "Not only was her gift unexpected, __________________ ." Ms. Jennings stated that her gift to the law department was a way of saying "thank you" to the kind staff. She added, "If I had a million dollars, I would have done just the same."
(a) but her gratitude was happily anticipated
(b) but her timing was most prodigious
(c) but it was more meager than expected
(d) but it was also incredibly benevolent

 

7. Scientists said Friday they had developed a new way to grow human brain cells for use in transplants, and said cells grown this way had fixed brain defects in mice. They hope their new technology can lead to better ways to __________________ from Parkinson's disease to paralysis caused by stroke. The scientists made it clear that the research is still in its infancy. However, they went on to say that the development does at least offer hope for the millions of people around the world who suffer from such debilitating diseases.

(a) conquer various kinds of cancer
(b) find the cause of many diseases
(c) treat a range of brain disorders
(d) prevent some contagious diseases

8. Altruism is the act of generosity and goodness, right? Well, new findings suggest it may be time to broaden the definition. The term should also incorporate the concept of altruistic punishment. Punishment can be altruistic, and it may also be critical for maintaining a healthy society. Most people think when you punish someone, you do it for your own benefit. But if __________________ , it's not selfish, but selfless.

(a) the punishment helps the public
(b) the criticism is well-deserved
(c) the altruism serves the wrongdoer
(d) a society teaches a lesson

9. Perhaps nowhere in the world are the terms "crisis" and "conspiracy theory" so widely used and exploited as in this country. Throughout the history of the young republic, there have been all types of crises imaginable, from liquidity crises to nuclear crises to political crises. The list of crises is virtually endless. And with every crisis there are a number of related conspiracy theories. In fact, when one group complains about a new crisis, a rival group will inevitably claim that the first group __________________ .

(a) is actually controlled by the republic
(b) should adopt a very similar mind-set
(c) is simply part of a vast conspiracy
(d) should focus instead upon a related crisis

 

10. Sociologists use the term "victimless crime" to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services. Many Americans view gambling, prostitution, public drunkenness, and the use of marijuana as victimless crimes in which there is __________________ . As a result, there has been pressure from some groups to decriminalize various activities which fall into the category of victimless crimes.

(a) no participant other than the criminal
(b) no victim other than the offender
(c) no criminal except for the victim
(d) no addict except for the alcoholic