1. 능동태와 수동태 구별

 
-능동 뒤에는 목적어

-수동 뒤에는 목적어 ×. 수식어 ○

Mr. James insists that he is innocent.

The investigation was conducted by Ms. Murphy.

☆ 중요

[1] 능동

She eats chicken.

She is eating chicken.

She has eaten chicken.

[2] 수동

Chicken is eaten by her.

Chicken is being eaten by her.

Chicken has been eaten by her.

2. 수동태의 짝 표현

-be engaged in

John is engaged in cancer research.

-be involved in

He was involved in the incident.

-be interested in

-be dedicated to

-be exposed to

The secret was exposed to the media.

-be related to

The work environment is related to productivity.

-be surprised at

We were surprised at his behavior.

-be shocked at

The writer was shocked at the criticism.

-be frightened at

-be(dis)satisfied with

-be pleased with

We are pleased with the recent sales increase.

-be equipped with

Each room is equipped with basic furniture.

3. 가정법 과거

[1] 가정법 과거

“만약 내가 부자라면, 나는 가난한 사람들을 도울 텐테.”

If 주어 과거, 주어 would/could/might 동사원형

If I were rich, I could help the poor.

If I had a membership card, I would get a discount.

[2] If가 생략된 가정법 과거=가정법 과거의 도치!

If I were rich, I could help the poor.

→Were I rich, I could help the poor.

4. 가정법 과거완료

[1] 가정법 과거완료

“우리가 그의 조언을 따랐더라면 우리는 실패하지 않았을 텐데.”

If 주어 had p.p., 주어 would/could/might have p.p.

If we had followed his advice, we would not have failed.

[2] If가 생략된 가정법 과거완료=가정법 과거완료의 도치!

→if생략!

→had와 주어의 위치 교체!

If she had notified us sooner, we would have registered for the class.

→Had she notified us sooner, we would have registered for the class.

5. 가정법 미래

[1] 가정법 미래

“혹시 John이 전화한다면 내가 너 대신 메시지를 받을게.”

If 주어 should~, 주어 will/can/may/should 동사원형

If John should call, I will take a message for you.

[2] if가 생략된 가정법 미래-가정법 미래의 도치!

→if생략!

→should와 주어의 위치 교체!

If time should allow, I will see you tomorrow.

→Should time allow, I will see you tomorrow.